linux中oracle的日常维护命令(转)

1. 检查Oracle的进程
$ ps -ef|grep"ora_"|grep -v grep
oracle 5998 1 0 11:15:59 ? 0:01 ora_j000_PPRD10
oracle 2968 1 0 21:16:57 ? 0:00 ora_q000_PPRD10
oracle 2927 1 0 21:16:33 ? 0:00 ora_pmon_PPRD10
oracle 2933 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:07 ora_dbw0_PPRD10
oracle 2945 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:02 ora_mmon_PPRD10
oracle 2931 1 0 21:16:33 ? 0:00 ora_mman_PPRD10
oracle 2949 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:00 ora_d000_PPRD10
oracle 2970 1 0 21:16:57 ? 0:00 ora_q001_PPRD10
oracle 2935 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:05 ora_lgwr_PPRD10
oracle 2951 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:00 ora_s000_PPRD10
oracle 2939 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:06 ora_smon_PPRD10
oracle 2957 1 0 21:16:47 ? 0:00 ora_qmnc_PPRD10
oracle 2943 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:05 ora_cjq0_PPRD10
oracle 2947 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:00 ora_mmnl_PPRD10
oracle 2937 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:18 ora_ckpt_PPRD10
oracle 2941 1 0 21:16:34 ? 0:00 ora_reco_PPRD10
oracle 2929 1 0 21:16:33 ? 0:00 ora_psp0_PPRD10
在检查Oracle的进程命令输出后，输出显示至少应包括以下一些进程：
? Oracle写数据文件的进程，输出显示为：“ora_dbw0_ORCL”
? Oracle写日志文件的进程，输出显示为：“ora_lgwr_ORCL”
? Oracle监听实例状态的进程，输出显示为：“ora_smon_ORCL”
? Oracle监听客户端连接进程状态的进程，输出显示为：“ora_pmon_ORCL”
? Oracle进行归档的进程，输出显示为：“ora_arc0_ORCL”
? Oracle进行检查点的进程，输出显示为：“ora_ckpt_ORCL”
? Oracle进行恢复的进程，输出显示为：“ora_reco_ORCL”
2 . 查看数据库的实例：
SQL>selectinstance_name,status,version,database_statusfromv$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS VERSION DATABASE_STATUS
---------------- ------------ ----------------- -----------------
PPRD10OPEN10.2.0.4.0 ACTIVE
其中“STATUS”表示Oracle当前的实例状态，必须为“OPEN”；DATABASE_STATUS”表示Oracle当前数据库的状态，必须为“ACTIVE”。
3 . 查看数据库的日志模式，打开模式
SQL>selectname,log_mode,open_modefromv$database;
NAMELOG_MODE OPEN_MODE
--------- ------------ ----------
PPRD10 NOARCHIVELOGREADWRITE
其中“LOG_MODE”表示Oracle当前的归档方式。“ARCHIVELOG”表示数据库运行在归档模式下，“NOARCHIVELOG”表示数据库运行在非归档模式下。
4 . 查看数据库alert_SID.log 中的ora-的错误信息：
$ more /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/alert_pinnsoft.log | grep -i ora-
WARNING: inboundconnectiontimedout(ORA-3136)
WARNING: inboundconnectiontimedout(ORA-3136)
ORA-12012: erroronautoexecuteofjob 78677
ORA-20820: ORA-20820:
ORA-06512:at"PS_SYSTEM.ROW_VALIDATOR_T", line 912
ORA-06512:at"PS_SYSTEM.ROW_VALIDATOR_T", line 924
ORA-06512:at"WORKORDER.INVENTORY_UTL", line 1260
ORA-12012: erroronautoexecuteofjob 78677
4.1 查alert_SID.log中的err的信息：
$ more /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/alert_pinnsoft.log | grep -i err
Errorsinfile /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/pinnsoft_j000_2666.trc:
ORA-12012: erroronautoexecuteofjob 78677
: 6000101: Error occurredwhenrolling Inventorydate
Errorsinfile /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/pinnsoft_j000_11886.trc:
ORA-12012: erroronautoexecuteofjob 78677
: 6000101: Error occurredwhenrolling Inventorydate
Errorsinfile /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/pinnsoft_j000_21375.trc:
ORA-12012: erroronautoexecuteofjob 78677
: 6000101: Error occurredwhenrolling Inventorydate
4.2 查alert_SID.log的fail的信息：
$ more /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/alert_pinnsoft.log | grep -i fail
PMON failedtoacquire latch, see PMON dump
PMON failedtoacquire latch, see PMON dump
PMON failedtoacquire latch, see PMON dump
5. 检查控制文件状态
SQL>selectstatus,namefromv$controlfile;
STATUSNAME
------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/control01.ctl
/data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/control02.ctl
/data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/control03.ctl
输出结果应该有3条以上（包含3条）的记录，“STATUS”应该为空。状态为空表示控制文件状态正常。
6. 查询日志状态
SQL>selectgroup#,status,memberfromv$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS MEMBER
---------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------
1 /data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/redo01.log
2 /data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/redo02.log
3 /data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/redo03.log
输出结果应该有3条以上(包含 3 条)记录,”STATUS”应该为非”INVALID”，非“DELETED”。
7 . 查询数据状态：
SQL>selectfile#,status,namefromv$datafile;
FILE# STATUSNAME
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
6 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/perfstat.dbf
7 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/risenet.dbf
“ONLINE"表示正常在线状态
8 . 查询表空间状态
SQL>selecttablespace_name,statusfromdba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
SYSAUX ONLINE
TEMPONLINE
USERS ONLINE
EXAMPLE ONLINE
PERFSTAT ONLINE
RISENET ONLINE
“ONLINE”表示正常在线状态
9 . 检查Oracle所有回滚段的状态
SQL>selectsegment_name,statusfromdba_rollback_segs;
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU10$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU9$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU8$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU7$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU6$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU5$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU4$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU3$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU2$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU1$ ONLINE
11rowsselected.
10 .检查Oracle初始化文件中相关的参数值
SQL>selectresource_name,current_utilization,max_utilization,initial_allocation ,limit_valuefromv$resource_limit;
RESOURCE_NAME CURRENT_UTILIZATION MAX_UTILIZATION INITIAL_AL LI
------------------------------ ------------------- --------------- ---------- --
processes 26 31 150
sessions 30 37 170
enqueue_locks 23 31 2300
enqueue_resources 23 49 968 U
ges_procs 0 0 0
ges_ress 0 0 0 U
ges_locks 0 0 0 U
ges_cache_ress 0 0 0 U
ges_reg_msgs 0 0 0 U
ges_big_msgs 0 0 0 U
ges_rsv_msgs 0 0 0
RESOURCE_NAME CURRENT_UTILIZATION MAX_UTILIZATION INITIAL_AL LI
------------------------------ ------------------- --------------- ---------- --
gcs_resources 0 0 0
gcs_shadows 0 0 0
dml_locks 0 68 748 U
temporary_table_locks 0 3 UNLIMITED U
transactions 2 11 187 U
branches 0 0 187 U
cmtcallbk 0 2 187 U
sort_segment_locks 0 3 UNLIMITED U
max_rollback_segments 11 11 187
max_shared_servers 1 1 UNLIMITED U
parallel_max_servers 0 0 40
22rowsselected.
11. 检查Oracle各个表空间的增长情况
SelectA.tablespace_name,(1-(A.total)/B.total)*100 used_percent
from(selecttablespace_name,sum(bytes) totalfromdba_free_spacegroupbytablespace_name) A, (selecttablespace_name,sum(bytes) totalfromdba_data_filesgroupbytablespace_name) B
whereA.tablespace_name=B.tablespace_name;
SQL>SelectA.tablespace_name,(1-(A.total)/B.total)*100 used_percent
2from(selecttablespace_name,sum(bytes) totalfromdba_free_spacegroupbytablespace_name) A, (selecttablespace_name,sum(bytes) totalfromdba_data_filesgroupbytablespace_name) B
whereA.tablespace_name=B.tablespace_name;
3
TABLESPACE_NAME USED_PERCENT
------------------------------ ------------
UNDOTBS1 33.25
SYSAUX 99.0364583
RISENET .0125
USERS 62.5
SYSTEM 98.6067708
EXAMPLE 68.25
PERFSTAT 28.7625
7rowsselected.
12 . 检查一些扩展异常的对象
selectsegment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name,
(extents/max_extents)*100 Percentfromsys.DBA_segments
wheremax_extents!=0and(extents/max_extents)*100>=95
orderbypercent;
SQL>selectsegment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name,
2 (extents/max_extents)*100 Percent
3fromsys.DBA_segments
4wheremax_extents!=0and(extents/max_extents)*100>=95
5orderbypercent;
norowsselected
如果有记录返回，则这些对象的扩展已经快达到它定义时的最大扩展值。对于这些对象要修改它的存储结构参数.
13 . 检查system表空间内的内容
selectdistinct(owner)fromdba_tables
wheretablespace_name='SYSTEM'andowner!='SYS'
andowner!='SYSTEM'
union
selectdistinct(owner)fromdba_indexes
wheretablespace_name='SYSTEM'
andowner!='SYS'andowner!='SYSTEM';
SQL>selectdistinct(owner)fromdba_tables
2wheretablespace_name='SYSTEM'and
3 owner!='SYS'andowner!='SYSTEM'
4union
5selectdistinct(owner)fromdba_indexes
6wheretablespace_name='SYSTEM'and
7 owner!='SYS'andowner!='SYSTEM';
OWNER
------------------------------
MDSYS
OLAPSYS
OUTLN
如果有记录返回，则表明system表空间内存在一些非system和sys用户的对象。应该进一步检查这些对象是否与我们应用相关。如果相关请把这些对象移到非System表空间，同时应该检查这些对象属主的缺省表空间值，
14. 检查对象的下一扩展与表空间的最大扩展值
selecta.table_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name
fromall_tables a,
(selecttablespace_name,max(bytes)asbig_chunk
fromdba_free_spacegroupbytablespace_name) f
wheref.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name
anda.next_extent>f.big_chunk
union
selecta.index_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name
fromall_indexes a,
(selecttablespace_name,max(bytes)asbig_chunk
fromdba_free_space
groupbytablespace_name) f
wheref.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name
anda.next_extent>f.big_chunk;
SQL>selecta.table_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name
2fromall_tables a,
3 (selecttablespace_name,max(bytes)asbig_chunk
4fromdba_free_spacegroupbytablespace_name) f
5wheref.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name
6anda.next_extent>f.big_chunk
7union
8selecta.index_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name
9fromall_indexes a,
10 (selecttablespace_name,max(bytes)asbig_chunk
11fromdba_free_space
12groupbytablespace_name) f
13wheref.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name
14anda.next_extent>f.big_chunk;
norowsselected
如果有记录返回，则表明这些对象的下一个扩展大于该对象所属表空间的最大扩展值，需调整相应表空间的存储参数